Written by

Jennifer Carlson

June 6, 2025

Edited by

Kristen Cramer

Fact-checked by

Tara Farmer

How to become a certified electrician

A career as an electrician offers strong job security, competitive wages, and opportunities for advancement. Electricians play a crucial role in installing and repairing electrical systems in homes, businesses, and industrial settings. This guide outlines how to become an electrician and how to progress in this rewarding trade.

In order to become a licensed electrician, you must first complete the necessary training, which includes 6,000 to 10,000 hours of apprenticeship or on-the-job training followed by taking your state’s journeyman electrician exam. Each step requires dedication, learning, and compliance with state or local regulations.

Education and preparation

First, you should meet the basic requirements by being at least 18 years old, having a high school diploma or GED, and possessing reliable transportation. Some programs also require a passing grade in algebra and basic physical fitness.

Applying for apprenticeships

Seek out apprenticeship programs through trade schools, unions, or contractor associations. Organizations such as the Joint Apprenticeship & Training Committees (JATC) offer structured programs across the country. Some states require you to register as an apprentice before you start working on job sites, so check your local requirements.

Exam

After finishing your apprenticeship and classroom hours, apply to take your state’s journeyman electrician exam. This test evaluates your knowledge of electrical theory, code requirements, and practical scenarios. Prepare by studying the National Electrical Code and using practice exams to strengthen your skills and speed.

Certification & licensing

After passing the exam and meeting all requirements, you’ll receive your journeyman electrician license. This license allows you to work independently and pursue advanced roles. Some states offer reciprocity, letting you transfer your license to other states without retaking the exam, making it easier to work across state lines.

Each state sets its own licensing requirements, so research your state’s rules before applying. Some states require additional documentation on top of passing the exam, such as proof of training. Many states also require you to renew your license periodically, often including continuing education on new safety standards.

How to become an electrician apprentice

Use these techniques to find an electrician apprenticeship:

• Search national apprenticeship databases such as Apprenticeship.gov, where you can find and apply for open electrician apprenticeship opportunities across the country.

• Contact local union halls, such as the International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers (IBEW), and ask about their Joint Apprenticeship and Training Committee (JATC) programs. Many union apprenticeships require you to apply directly through these local offices.

• Explore non-union programs offered by organizations like Independent Electrical Contractors (IEC) and Associated Builders and Contractors (ABC). These groups run apprenticeship programs and provide job referral services to help match applicants with employers.

• Visit local electrical contractors or master electricians and inquire about open apprentice positions. Some apprenticeships begin with direct employment under a licensed electrician willing to train you.

• Use online job boards and company websites to find listings for apprentice electrician positions. Employers such as Bart's Electric post openings for entry-level roles in the field.

• Attend career fairs, trade school events, or community college job placement services, which often connect candidates with apprenticeship opportunities.

Apprenticeships last 4 to 5 years on average and provide mentorship as well as hands-on learning. You learn to read blueprints, install wiring and other electrical components, follow codes, and troubleshoot electrical systems under the guidance of experienced electricians. You gain practical experience by working on real job sites, preparing you for independent work.

How to become a journeyman electrician

After completing your apprenticeship, you become eligible to take the journeyman electrician exam. This exam tests your knowledge of electrical theory, the NEC, and state or local regulations. Passing the exam grants you a journeyman license, allowing you to work independently on electrical projects.

Each state sets its own requirements for licensing. Most require proof of a completed apprenticeship or training. Some states allow you to transfer your license from another state without retaking the exam.

What is a journeyman electrician?

A journeyman electrician is a skilled tradesperson who has completed an apprenticeship and gained enough experience to work independently on electrical projects. They hold a license that allows them to install, inspect, repair, and maintain electrical systems in residential, commercial, and industrial settings.

This role represents the second stage in an electrician’s career path, positioned between apprentice and master electrician. While journeymen can work independently, they often report to master electricians and may specialize in areas such as inside wiring or outside line work.

How to become a master electrician

Licensed journeyman electricians can progress to become a master electrician by completing at least 2 to 4 years of experience, then taking the master electrician exam and passing with a score of 70% or higher.

After passing the exam, apply for your master electrician license. This credential allows you to supervise other electricians, pull permits, design complex systems, and run your own business. Renew your license as required, often every 1 to 3 years, and complete continuing education to stay current with industry standards.

FAQs about becoming an electrician

How much does an electrician make?

Electrician rates and salaries vary by experience, certification, and location. Here’s a breakdown for each career stage:

• Apprentice electrician: Earns $40,000 to $80,000 per year, with higher salaries in major cities like New York City. Overtime, bonuses, and union benefits can increase total compensation.

• Journeyman electrician: Makes about $45,000 to $100,000 per year nationally, with higher wages for specialized skills.

• Master electrician: Averages $54,000 to $112,000+ per year, depending on the region and expertise.

How long does it take to become an electrician?

Becoming an electrician usually takes 4 to 5 years. Most people enter the field through an apprenticeship, which combines about 8,000 hours of on-the-job training with 600 to 900 hours of classroom instruction. Apprentices work full-time and attend classes, gaining both practical and theoretical knowledge.

Some specialties, such as residential electrician, may require fewer hours: around 3 years and 4,800 hours of training. Prior experience, technical school credits, or military service can sometimes shorten the process. After completing training and passing the licensing exam, you can work as a journeyman electrician.

How long is electrician school?

Electrician school length varies by program type. Trade or technical school programs last from 6 months to 2 years, offering foundational electrical theory, safety, and code knowledge. Certificate or diploma programs take 6 months to 1 year, while associate degrees require 1.5 to 2 years.

Apprenticeship classroom instruction takes roughly 144 hours of classroom training per year, spread over 4 to 5 years alongside on-the-job training.

What does an electrician do?

An electrician performs a variety of tasks related to electrical systems in buildings and other structures. Their key duties include:

• Installing, maintaining, and repairing electrical wiring, fixtures, and control systems in homes, businesses, and factories

• Reading and interpreting blueprints, technical diagrams, and electrical plans to execute wiring and installation accurately

• Testing electrical systems and components using appropriate tools to diagnose malfunctions and ensure safety compliance

• Installing electrical apparatus such as switches, circuit breakers, lighting fixtures, and alarm systems

• Inspecting electrical systems to identify hazards, code violations, and necessary repairs

• Planning and designing layouts for wiring pathways and electrical components in residential and commercial buildings

• Coordinating with other construction professionals and adhering to safety regulations like OSHA and the National Electrical Code

• Performing routine maintenance and replacing outdated wiring or equipment to prevent breakdowns

• Documenting work performed, managing project paperwork, and sometimes supervising apprentices or helpers

• Communicating with clients, suppliers, and team members to schedule work and ensure project completion

Is being an electrician hard?

Being an electrician is challenging but rewarding. Electricians face physically demanding tasks like heavy lifting, working in cramped spaces, climbing ladders, and exposure to weather conditions. The work involves risk, including electric shocks, falls, and burns, requiring constant vigilance and safety training.

Despite the difficulties, electricians enjoy job security, competitive pay, and career advancement opportunities. The ability to solve complex problems and see tangible results makes the work satisfying.

Tips for electricians

If you’re already an experienced electrician, follow these tips to build a reputation for quality, attract more clients, and achieve sustainable business growth:

• Join HomeGuide to gain access to leads and coordinate with clients.

• Prioritize ongoing training and stay updated on electrical codes, safety standards, and new technologies to maintain a competitive edge.

• Communicate clearly to build trust, earn referrals, and foster repeat business.

• Invest in marketing and use a website, customer reviews, and social media to increase visibility.

• Build a strong brand that sets you apart as reliable and trustworthy.

• Network with other tradespeople, join industry associations, and form partnerships to expand your reach and learn from peers.

• Hire and retain qualified staff to ensure high-quality work and support business growth as demand increases.

• Monitor cash flow closely and address leaks or inefficiencies to maintain financial health and support expansion.